German Grammar
Nouns: All German nouns have a gender (masculine, feminine, or neuter) which must be learned along with the word itself. The gender of a noun affects the forms of the articles, pronouns, and adjectives that are used with it.
Articles: German has definite articles (der, die, das) and indefinite articles (ein, eine). The form of the article depends on the gender, case, and number of the noun it accompanies.
Cases: German has four cases (nominative, accusative, dative, and genitive) which are used to show the function of a noun or pronoun in a sentence. The case of a noun or pronoun affects the forms of articles, adjectives, and pronouns that are used with it.
Verbs: German verbs have a variety of forms depending on tense, mood, person, and number. There are six tenses in German: present, past, perfect, pluperfect, future, and future perfect. German also has several modal verbs (such as können, müssen, wollen) which have their own special forms and uses.
Word order: The word order in German is relatively flexible, but there are certain rules that must be followed. In general, the verb comes second in a sentence (after any initial adverbs or phrases), and the subject and object follow in a fixed order depending on the case.
Adjectives: German adjectives must agree in gender, case, and number with the nouns they modify. There are also several irregular adjective forms which must be learned separately.
Pronouns: German has a variety of pronouns (personal, reflexive, possessive, demonstrative, etc.) which have their own forms and uses.
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